Drafting instrument



March 5, 1929.

w. L. E. K EUFFEL DRAFTING INSTRUMENT,

Filed July 25, 1925 mm Q 3 7 2--- INVENTOR W L. Kzurrr;

ATTQRN'EYSQ j Patented Mar. 5, 1929.

UNITED ,STATES WILLIE L. E. KEUFFEL, OFWEEHAWKEN, NEW-JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO KEUFFEL 8G I 1 11,704,540 PATENT OFFICE.

ESSER 00., OF HOIBQKEN, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

, nnartrme INSTRUMENT.

Application filed July 25, 1925. Serial No. 45,967.

This invention-relates to drafting instruments and particularly to triangles. The principal object of the invention is to provide' a new and improved construction of a 5 triangle, particularly designed and adapted for use bydraftsmen for drawing lines to be used as guides for lettering. Considered more specifically the invention consists in the construction of a triangle provided with 10 a plurality of through holes arranged in a series of sets; the holes ineach of said sets. being spaced fromeach other at the required proper distances to correspond to the-height and thespacing for capital and lower case erably inclined to bothof the longer sides of the triangle, and the spaces between the holes are so arranged that when the triangle is placed with one. of the sides against a straight edge, a T square or the like, the

resulting guide lines drawn with such side as a base line will bespaced the proper distance for letters of a given predetermined dimension; while when the other longer side of the triangle isused as the base line the guiding lines drawn for this latter position will correspond to the proper spacing for- I letters of a difierentheight.

The above objects and other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates from the followingvmore detailed description and by reference to the .accompanying drawings forming a part hereof and'wherein Fig. 1 of the drawing is a plan view showing a triangle constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention; the-figure illustrating the arrangement of the holes and some of the lines which may be drawn when hypotenuse of the triangle is used as the base lineyFig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing some of the lines which ma be drawn when the longer straight side 0 the triangle is used as a base line; the short dot and dash lines appearing at the left-hand side of the figure corresponding to the lines drawn in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional detail of the holes of the triangle.

As will be seen from Figs. 1 and2 of'the drawing, four sets of holes A, B, C and D are preferably rovided; the holes of each set being space from each other at difierent predetermined distances as will be hereinafter more fully set forth. Each of the holes provided inthe triangle is preferably coun--' standard letters. Each setof holes is preftersunk as shown ata in; Fig. 3 to facilitate the insertion of a sharp pointed pencil b; the holes being counter-sunk on one side only, asclearly shown in said figure. The upper or counter-sunk face of the triangle has impressed or otherwise suitably placed thereon, suitable numerals or' other indicia, for convenience in identifying the spacing of the holes. of each particular set. In the I particular example herein illustrated it-will be noted that the longer straight or 8" side of the triangle is provided withthe numerals 3, 5 and 7- adjacent to thesets of holes A,

B, C respectively, and also with the numerals .15, .25, .35, at the bases of, these sets respectively, while the set of holes D has.

adjacent thereto, the numeral .10. on the h potenuse side, the sets of holes A, B, and are numbered 4, 6, 8, and .20, .30, .40,

respectively, while the set- D is numbered.

.125. The numerals 3 5 and 7 indicate the distance between" the guide lines drawn for capital and lower case long letters when the 8- side of the triangle isused as the baseline, and such distances in the example -illustrated are respectively em while the numerals .15, .25, .35, indicate in thirty seconds of an inch, and the numerals .20, .30, .40, and .125, the distances in dec1-- of the triangle is used as the base for the drawin of guide lines. The distances represente by the decimals correspond to the proper heights for standard block lettering and for the proper spacing for consecutive rows thereof.

1 'The holes of each of the sets A, B and C "decimals of an inch the distance between the guide lines for standardblock lettering. "The numerals 4,- 6 and 8 also indicate in.

mals of an inch when the hypotenuse side 7 cated holes ofieach grou of each set are I arranged along'illines para lel to each other and inclined difi'erently'. with respect to 'both the longer side and the hypotenuse, the holes being so located, as clear y'shown, that they form three-parallel rows in' each set. In

each set, .the inclination of these rows, the

spacing of the'holes in each "row, and the.

95 are'arranged to form groups, which groups relative posit-ion of the holes in each row to the holes in the other rows are so arranged that the distances from the f lower. to the upper hole of each group, measured alqng the erpendiculars'to the longer side and to the ypotenuse respectively, correspond to the proper heights for standard capitals and lower case long letters, the distances from the lower hole to the middle holeof each grou correspond to the proper heights for stan ard lower case short letters, while the distances from the lower hole of a group'to the lower hole of the group immediately above it correspond ,to the proper heights for standard block letters. As the angle between the parallel rows of each set of holes and the 8" side and the hypotenuse respectively, of the triangle is different, the distances between the guide lines drawn, when the straight side and the hypotenuse are-used, will obviously be different. This angle of inclination is however selected so erenceside.

as to secure the relationship described above for the spacing ofthe letters and is determined by the standard spacing for various types of lettering and the angle'between the two reference sides of the instrument.

It will be noted that the holes of set A are grouped differently from the holes of the sets B, C, the former being open spaced and consisting of a plurality of groups, each of which consists of three holes arranged inparallel lines inclined at. a definite predetermined angle to the 8" side and to the hypotenuse of the triangle. This angle may be readily determined from the formula B -sin Y sin XZ in which A=spacing referred to the 8" side of the triangle, I

B=spacing referred to the hypotenuse. X =an le between the inclined line of the holes an the A reference side.

Y= angle between the line and the B ref- 7 Z =the anglev between the hypotenuse of the triangle.

It will be understood, hat the arrangement or grouping of holes used for the set A, could be employed throughout but in order to save space and keep each.set of holes distinctly separated from the others, the grouping of the sets B and C isalso employed. .With' the latter grouping although only three holes are used together for each reference side, of the t-riangle,'each grouping really consists of four holes but for N groups only 3 'N+1. holes are-needed, as clearly shown in the drawings, so that one hole of each grou of four holes is common to two groups. 11 other words, considering the set of holes 0 the fourth hole from the bottom in Fig. 1 is thebottom hole of the. second group from the bottom and is used with the 8" side and the leftof said figure. When the triangle is reversed to the position of Fig. '2 the hole,

which was in"Fig. 1, the fourth hole from the bottom becomes the fourth hole 'from the top and it is nowused with two different holes as the bottom'hole of a different group,

to drawthe differently spaced lines for the letters A, a of Fig. 2. Thecut-out portion E of the triangle has the sides thereof inclined at an angle of 67 from either reference edge, to correspond with-the standard slope or inclination for. various types of lettering.

The manner in which the instrument is used is as follows: Assuming that it is desired, for example, to draw letters having a height of t for capitals and long letters,

the draftsman would place the hypotenuse of the triangle against his T square or other guiding surface and, placing his pencil successively within the three holes forming the lower group of holes of set C, and sliding.

the pencil and triangle along the T square, would draw the lines between which the letters E, e, appear at the left-hand side of Fig; 1. If it is desired to make consecutive rows oflettering. the next group of three holes-are used, and the lines drawn, atwhich the letters D, 03 appear at the left-hand side of Fig.1. It will be noted that starting either from the top or bottom, the distance between the upper and lower'hole'of each group of the holes of set C, which are indicated as having been used in Fig. 1, is while the distance between the lower hole of each group of three and the intermediate hole is 7 of this or the proper height of the body of lower case letters, and the group of three and the lower hole of the adjacent group of three, is also about The lines drawn in Fig. 2 illustrate how the vspacing between the lines differs for distance between the upper hole of each each particular set of holes when the longer,

or 8," straight side of the triangle is used .as a base for drawing the guide lines; the full lines having been drawn with the holes ofget C, the same as were used for the drawing of'the lines of Fig. 1, while the dot and .dash lines indicate the spacing of the lines of Fig. 1. The lines of Fig. 2 are apart for capital letters and of this for the body of lower case letters, while the distance between consecutive rows of. letters is .35, as indicated by the numerals on the face of the triangle; If full capital letters are to be drawn the centre line of holes are employed;

the lines extended to the right of Figs. 1 and" 2 and havingthe letters E, F, G at-the ends thereof illustrating the spacing.

' It will be seen that guide lines may be drawn for five rows of lower case letters or three'rows of capital letters, with the proper tice.

While I'have shown and described the triangle as having an 8 side, it will be understood that the triangle. may be made of any dimensions, the type and 8' dimension. being given merely asillustrative of and not as limiting the invention. It will also be understood that the number of groups of holes may be varied and that thedistances between the holes of each particular group may also be varied from the illustra- .tive example given without departing from the principles of my invention.

It will further be understood that the principles of construction herein disclosed are not limited in their application to a 60 triangle as shown, nor to an instrument having a triangular shape, but that the invention is capable of application to an instrument of any desired shape having a pair of sides inclined to each other.

I claim:

1.An instrument of the character described having a pair of straight sides inclined to each other at a predetermined angle and abody portion between'said sides, said body portion being provided with a plurality of sets of holes, the holes of each set being arranged in parallel rows and form ng a plurality of spaced groups, each of said groups consisting of an equal number of similarly spaced and arranged holes,

and the rows of holes of each set being inclined at a different angle to said sides from those of the other sets, such angles being predetermined according to the angle between the sides and the standard heights for diflerent sizes of lettering whereby spacing lines for diiierent sized but similar style standard letters may be drawn with the holes of each set when difi'erent ones of said pair of sides are used as a base line.

2. An instrument of the character described having a pair of straight sides inclmed to each other at a predetermined angle and a body portion located between said sides, said body portion being provided with a plurality of spaced holes arranged'at predetermined'distances from each other and ferent angle to each of said sides and the drawn by spacing between the holes of each set being so arranged between the individual holes of each group that when spacing lines are the aid of such holes parallel to one of t e sides of the instrument the dis-' 'tance between said lines will correspond to the proper spacing for consecutive rows and to the proper heights for standard letters, while when the same holes are employed for drawing lines parallel to the other side of the instrument thelatter lines will cor respond to the proper spacing for consecutive rows and to the proper hei hts for similar style standard letters of di erent dimensions.

3. A drafting triangle having the body portion thereof provided with a plurality of holes therethrough, in each of which the point of a pencil is adapted to be placed for drawing guide lines fo'r'standard lettering, said holes being arranged in sets of parallel spaced rows, the rows of each set being inclined at a different predetermined angle to each of the sides of the triangle according to the angle between the sides and the heights of different sized but similar stfyle standard letters for which each set o holes is to be employed, the holes of each set being further spaced and arranged to form a plurality of groups in which said holes are so arranged that the distances between lines drawn parallel to either of the'two sides by the use of certain holes of each group correspond to diderent. proper heights for standard lower case high and low letters, the distances between each group of holes correspond to difier-ent standard spacing for consecutive rows of lower case letters and the distances between certain corresponding holes of adjacent groups corresponds to (llfiiel'filll) proper heights and spacing for upper case standard letters ac ing to the angle between said sides and the heights for different sized lower case standard lettering for which each set of rows is to be used, the holesin each of said rows being equally spaced from each other but at different distances than the holes of the other rows, and the holes of each of the rows of each set of rows being arrangedin a definite predetermined relationship to the holes of the remaining rows of their respective set.

5. An instrument of the character described having a pair of straight sides inclined to each other with a body portion between said sides, said body portion being provided with a' plurality of rows of equally mined by the average height dimensions for lower case letters of different standard di-' mensions.

6. In a'lettering triangle, the combination of a series of groups of guide line holes so I disposed relative to two edges of the triangle that from either edge predetermined spacings for said guide lines may be drawn, and a larger triangular hole two edges of which are so inclined to the two reference edges of the triangle that standard slope guide lines may be drawn therefrom.

7. instrument of the character deholes in the particular set.

scribed havin a pair of straight sides inclined to eac other at a predetermined angle with a body portion between said sides, said body portion being provided with a plurality of holes arranged in sets of parallel spaced rows, inclined at difierent angles to said sides predetermined according to the angles between said sides and standard lettering dimensions, the holes of certain of said sets being further arranged in groups in which the holes are similarly spaced with a terminal hole of each group common to an adjacent group, and the number of holes in the set being equal to 3 N +1 in which N equals the number of groups of In testimony whereof I have hereunto set m hand.

y WILLIE L. E. KEUFFEL. 

